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The process of determining if an aircraft is equipped with a mode C transponder is best conducted by consulting the current weight and balance equipment list. This list typically includes all the necessary information about the equipment installed on the aircraft, including details about avionics like transponders. A mode C transponder is required for aircraft operating in certain airspace and this document will provide clear confirmation of its presence.

The pilot's operating handbook, while useful for specific operations and limitations of the aircraft, may not always provide detailed equipment specifications. Verifying the maintenance log is important for ensuring the airworthiness of the aircraft but may not specify the type of transponder present. Aircraft registration documents primarily confirm ownership and may not contain sufficient information regarding the installed equipment. Therefore, the current weight and balance equipment list is the most reliable source for this specific inquiry.